There are occasional cases of male lactation reported in humans. Very rare though.

In the guinea pig, the large head at birth is provided for by the carteliginous symphysis joint in the hips detaching. However unless the animal gives birth early enough (which always happens in the wild), they lose this capability and die if impregnated later. Some doctors thought it a good idea to try to emulate this in humans by cutting the cartilage there instead of doing a cesarian section, but this causes permanent problems, as in humans the joint does not reattach. Notoriously, for religious reasons some doctors decided to do so anyway, since cesarian section reduces the number of pregnancies a woman can have, which they regarded as more important than being able to walk easily and being continent.

> f. Nipples are useless in human males (cf. Ch. 5).

When I was a kid, I got my tonsils removed "because they were useless and a source of illness".

I've recently heard that tonsil removal is now more disputed: it may collect filth, sure, but it may also prevent it from going deeper into the body, which may cause more serious illnesses.

Given its vast complexity, and the timeline of its creation/evolution, I remain skeptical over bold claims about the human body. It's really missing an "as far as we know." The ability to go beyond what is known is paramount to the progress of science, and historically attested with some intensity (e.g. Earth's shape, relativity with time/space & axiomatic geometry). Humility thus feels like a better posture.

Who would let a junior dev trim bits, or boldly modify a decades old codebase?

>The hole in the retina is sizeable (~9 full moons in the sky), but we don’t notice it because [...] (2) our brain automatically fills in gaps in our visual field by interpolation

I still remember this bit from school and various pop-sci book, but is it actually true? Is there really some group of neurons in the brain somewhere that actively tries to restore the "raw" visual information that was blocked by the blind spot?

Thinking of ANNs, I felt it was more realistic that higher layers in the visual cortex are mostly only using the visual information to find patterns anyway, and that they're robust enough they can still find those patterns without the data from the blind spot locations. (As long as a pattern isn't fully contained within the blind spot regions of course)

An analogy would be a QR code reader that can still parse the encoded information if a part of the QR code is missing - but it won't actually "reconstruct" the missing sections to do this.

But I don't know if it really works like this.

What about testicles outside the body? Every man has a painful story why it’s not a good idea..

It would be nice to refactor some of these. Vas deferens and laryngeal nerve look like easy pickings. Leave me my ear-wiggling. Any last bit of expression matters.

I'm dreading the horror of genetic manipulation it would open. The gene editing craze feels like it is right around the corner.

The eyes of squids are right side out, unlike ours. I wonder what other animals have the "correct" version of these features.

This is how future codebases will be analysed. Don't let perfect be the enemy of good. Evolution been doing Agile for aeons. Responding to change over following a plan ...

How about feeling the hand even after amputation. What do you think, why is it so?

Not humans specifically but one of my favorite quirks of vertebrate evolution is the recurrent laryngeal nerve that loops around the aorta and goes back up to the larynx[1].

In giraffes that nerve is several meters long.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve

You’ve probed Chesterton’s Fence; now let’s turn the page to Chesterton’s Appendix!