This sound like projecting data into the linear space spanned by {x_i, x_i*x_j} where x_i are the features variables, and then applying standard regularization methods to remove noise and low value coefficients.

Anisotropy and the cone ideas may explain why PCA underperforms, but it does not uniquely justify this particular quadratic decoder. The geometric story is not doing explanatory work beyond “data is nonlinear,” and the real substance is simply that second-order reconstruction empirically helps.

Geometric Algebra (GA) (Clifford Algebra) also has high potential to transform neural architectures. Models like the Geometric Algebra Transformer (GATr) and Versor (2026) demonstrate it can enhance or even make the Attention Mechanism obsolete.

By representing data as multivectors, translational and rotational symmetries are encoded natively which allows them to handle geometric hierarchies with massive efficiency gains (reports of up to 78x speedups and 200x parameter reductions) compared to standard Transformers.

> A novel sequence architecture is introduced, Versor, which uses Conformal Geometric Algebra (CGA) in place of traditional linear operations to achieve structural generalization and significant performance improvements on a variety of tasks, while offering improved interpretability and efficiency. By embedding states in the manifold and evolving them via geometric transformations (rotors), Versor natively represents -equivariant relationships without requiring explicit structural encoding. Versor is validated on chaotic N-body dynamics, topological reasoning, and standard multimodal benchmarks (CIFAR-10, WikiText-103), consistently outperforming Transformers, Graph Networks, and geometric baselines (GATr, EGNN).

https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10195

My understanding after scanning the code examples is the technique expands the dimensionality of each data point with a set consisting of the quadratic coefficients of its existing dimensions. I thought it sounded like kernel PCA.

Author here — questions and pushback both welcome.

this looks awesome. i've been struggling with vector compression, and have been trying PCA + all sorts of rotations. looking forward to trying this out

I'm just a casual LLM user, but your description of the anisotropy made me think about the recent work on KV cache quantization techniques such as TurboQuant where they apply a random rotation on each vector before quantizing, as I understood it precisely to make it more isotropic.

But for RAG that might be too much work per vector?

I came here from a discussion about CS students who should not be bothered to set up email filters. How can they ever expect to be able to digest just the first paragraph in that article?