I have! I care about data privacy and LLMs being free. I'm using the Pi coding harness but containerized and sandboxed, to make sure it's running completely offline. On my Mac Studio with 128GB RAM (or MacBook with 36GB RAM) I'm using Qwen3.6 35b, with only 3b active parameters so that it runs really fast. I've done a complete redesign for my website's homepage and blog with Django + Wagtail. The latter is interesting, because Wagtail is a bit less well-known, so the agent, without giving it internet access, doesn't always know how to develop for Wagtail. I've used Qwen3.5 122b for when things get more complex. At 10b active parameters, it's significantly slower though.

I've noticed a few things compared to large models like Claude. For starters, you really need to know what you're asking, and be precise; it doesn't do much thinking for you. Any assumptions left open, and it'll take the easiest route to reach the goal (e.g. CSS in HTML), often not the best in terms of architecture.

It gets into loops quite often, and surprisingly often gets the edit tool call wrong, after which it will spend lots of thinking tokens and re-read files instead of retrying (despite the system prompt suggesting so).

Comparing agentic Qwen3.6 35b to Claude Opus is like a junior with knowledge across the board, that you really need to guide, versus a senior that thinks with you on architecture. If Opus gives a 15x speedup, local and fully offline Qwen gives a 5x speedup. Which, given that it's completely free, is still mind-boggling to me :)

For personal use, yes.

I replaced a $100/m subscription to claude in favor of running pi harness pointed at unsloth studio, using both qwen (unsloth/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-MTP-GGUF) and gemma (unsloth/gemma-4-26B-A4B-it-GGUF) models, depending on my mood.

I have a machine I built about 5 years ago with dual RTX3090s in it (I was going to build a new gaming machine anyways, and the llama release had just dropped so I tacked another used 3090 onto the build), and I get ~150tok/s on either of those models (at UD-Q4_K_XL quant) and can use the entire 300k context length without having to exit VRAM.

To be very clear - it's not as good as claude. But it's free and not so much worse that it matters significantly.

For my personal needs, free beats $100/m.

I also have an openclaw instance pointed at the same inference server, and it's great for that (genuinely solid use-case for local models).

Some example projects

- Replacement launcher for android tvs (with usage monitoring and tracking for kids)

- Custom admin portals for my k8s cluster services

- Custom home assistant integrations/automations (recently some shelly devices for power monitoring and switching)

- Grocery list management and meal planning (mostly via openclaw)

- some custom workflows for 3d asset generation in comfyui.

---

Long story short, if you're trying to make money via software... I'd probably still recommend using a paid provider. But the local models are very capable of cool stuff.

I'm in the middle of building my own based on LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct [1]. I run it on the CPU locally and get reasonable performance. I'm currently using it to solve small problems - but expanding it daily.

[1] https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct

About 90% of my coding is on Qwen 3.6 27b and Open Code with some custom skills and Semble. It is NOT as smart as CC or Codex but its enough to get most of my work done. I didn't set out to replace CC and Codex (I have an RTX 6000 so the TPS is faster than I care about, but the RTX 6000 was originally for other work). I only tried this just to see how close you could get to a frontier model for coding as an experiment, but it was good enough that I stuck with it. I still fall back to Codex for really complicated stuff and to polish UI's as that seems to be the weakest element to working in Qwen.This isn't a recommendation because I don't think most people have an RTX 6000 laying around and the cost would be many years of MAX CC or Codex subscriptions, but at least this seems possible. Maybe in a few more years it will even be practical.

Other Notes: I have had to set the compact target to 75% on a 256k context window as once the conversation length goes about 100k I start seeing a drop in the quality and speed. This becomes very problematic after about 150k. I tried Qwen 3.5 122b too but it actually seems much worse at coding than 3.6 27b even though its much larger. Maybe because I am using a 4bit quant or maybe I just don't have it configured correctly? I know 3.6 is newer but I didn't expect it to out perform a model that is much larger from the prior generation. Gemma 4 31b is a good model for other tasks but at least my personal experience is that Qwen outperforms in coding. Nemotron Super 120b is great at a lot of stuff but it also seems to be not as good at coding as Qwen. This was very surprising to me.

Yes. Llama.cpp + Qwen3.6-35b (MTP) + OpenCode is quite capable and runs on a single RTX 3090 and is faster than most cloud models. Quality is like running edge models from 8-12 months ago. Setup details at https://github.com/pierotofy/LocalCodingLLM/

The problem with this question is that it encompasses a huge spectrum of capabilities and expectations. If you can only run an 8B model and expect it to be good at vibe coding / one shotting things you're going to have a bad time.

If you're able to run a model on the scale of ~30B, you can find that with a reasonably scoped and well defined task they do very well. I've found both Gemma4-31B and Qwen3.6-27B to be the best in this range at the moment. You can swap in the MoE models for faster inference, but they are noticeably worse at most tasks. They can one-shot / vibe code tasks with small scope, but still do much better with guidance.

If you really want frontier-like capabilities, you'll probably need at least 128GB of memory and either huge compute or a lot of patience. Most people just don't have either the money or the patience to make these local models work.

The patience required for local model usage goes far beyond just waiting for tokens though. It takes a lot of effort to get things configured and working properly for your workflow and hardware.

Just sharing my $0.02 here - I have ethical objections to using OpenAI or Anthropic products so I was a reluctant adopter of LLMs at all. Local models address most, though not all, my moral objections so I’ve been using them for work and personal projects for about a month.

The hardware I have (32gb Macs and a gaming PC with 10gb 3080) can only get me to Qwen3.6-35B-A3B at various quants but that’s enough (200-400 PP, 20-30 TG).

It’s taken some time to learn how to best utilize it - some things take a bit of babysitting or direction - but it’s quite useful. Not having ever used CC I can’t compare but it’s been a great assistant or pair programmer for everything from embedded C++ to Vue. I wish I could run 27B as there have been moments when this model feels like it just can’t quite figure something out but those moments are quite rare. For a lot of tasks it’s a huge time saver and has proved super capable at digging into and fixing bugs given pretty vague instructions.

I’m using Pi as my harness.

I use pi with an RTX Pro 6000 Blackwell to run Gemma 4 31b to do all my agentic coding.

I find it useful.

This side project highlights a similar approach to how I scope and tackle projects at work now:

https://git.theodohertyfamily.com/wg-wrap.git/tree/README.md

https://git.theodohertyfamily.com/wg-wrap.git/tree/CASE_STUD...

You have to apply a lot of careful architecture and TDD to your approach. Eliminate technical risk by tackling hard things early and wrapping them up in a simple, easy to use interface.

I find I can get some projects done 2-3 times faster than if I wrote them by hand. It can also save about 5-10x time on mundane or broadly scoped projects by helping me consolidate and try out ideas very quickly.

Setup-wise, I switch between vLLM using nvidia/Gemma-4-31B-IT-NVFP4 and llama.cpp using unsloth/gemma-4-31B-it-qat-GGUF with MTP. I throttle the GPU power usage to 400W.

My current llama.cpp setup gets token generation rates between 60-150 t/s depending on MTP draft acceptance rates. Prefill is between 1500-4000 t/s depending on context length/depth.

Will the inevitable M5 releases from Apple change this equation in any meaningful way?

I'm waiting to swap out my last gen Intel iMac with a new M5 mini of some kind, with the eye to hopefully be able to run some models locally. I envision a mini (heh) arms race to simply swapping out an M(X-1) for an M(X) annually as this field shakes out.

I don't think you're going to get many "true" answers to this. The opportunity cost of not using the latest and best models is just too much right now.

Every month I research this and come to the same conclusion: the time, effort, and cost required to get local models (and the coding tools around them) to perform even close to Claude Code with sonnet/opus just not worth it right now. If it was, it would be distributive enough to be in the news.

Not that I'm discounting someone hasn't already solved this, just trying to Occam razor my way out of diving too deep down rabbit holes.

One of the interesting setups I saw is using expensive frontier models to write and update markdown for your app: specs, product requirements, architecture, etc

but then use cheap/local model to implement the specs.

Markdown is more effective at compressing information and fits the context window easier, than hundreds of source code files

but this requires second and third passes, to smooth out the rough edges

has anyone tried that?

For personal needs I connected VSCode with llama.cpp running Qwen 3.6 27B or Gemma 4 31B and it's good enough to cancel my cloud subscription.

Qwen running on my 1st GPU at q4@176k context from 70 to 50 tok/s with MTP, pretty good for coding.

Gemma on the other hand is using both GPUs, running q8@64k context, doing document sentiment analysis, summarization, proofreading and translating, at consistent 25 tok/s. Somewhat slow but usable for batched workflows. Might get some more once llama.cpp starts supporting MTP with tensor split mode.

Still using frontier LLMs at dayjob since I'm not paying it and those are obviously better. Hopefully we'll have a Sonnet 4.6/Opus 4.5 level 30B model in a year or so.

EDIT: Prompt processing starts from 800 t/s and drops to 400 t/s. In most cases my starting prompts are around 16k-24k of tokens and require from 60 to 90 seconds to be processed. Not great but acceptable.

As someone that spends all day every day talking to LLMs, I'd say the OSS frontier models + a good harness is already a sufficient combo. For local deployments, we are missing one or two hardware generations (and may not get that soon since hardware companies are heavily favoring datacenter segment) to fully move to a local setup.

Not yet. Without pure Apple game or decent GPUs, even with a lot of RAM and threads, all you get is about 30-50 tokens/second, and that's thinking turned off. Without these optimizations your model will have a field day with your MCPs, skills and agent descriptions and you will watch the paint dry before seeing the first output token. Local model serving means you have to fight for every token in your context window, which is quite opposite of what Claude/GPT/Copilot are pushing the industry towards.

Not “local” and not interactive coding but sharing since it might be helpful. I have 2x RTX Pro 6000 Blackwell running DeepSeek V4 Flash. I get 160 tok/s raw but it’s a reasoning model. For my use case, I have it auto-write code and another system auto-review the code.

I occasionally use it with pi to write some code and it’s blazing fast but it’s mostly habit that keeps me with CC and Codex.

I've had some success with local models by chaining "agents" together in a workflow. Each agent has a different prompt and uses a different ollama model based on what their role is. The project manager, schema agent(qwen3:14b), etc. doesn't use the same model as the coding agent (qwen2.5-coder:7b). Between each step is an orchestrator and with a Playwright task which attempts to surface errors to the agent who introduced the previous code block. Only error-free blocks are forwarded to the next workflow step.

Probably the biggest improvement was including a backend-for-agents service definition which instructed the schema agent they were to only produce only a manifest based on the task, and to pass off that off to the next agent.

In short, I split tasks up into many pieces by defining a workflow where agents are only allowed to do very specific things before their work is passed along. This keeps them grounded and capable while also creating places for me to intervene if a workflow was say 25% or 90% successful.

Models that you can run at home (Like Qwen 35B) aren't remotely close to Opus or GPT 5.5. Not even close. The only open models that are in that neighbor are around 1T params, so forget about running at home.

It's kind of like driving a shitbox. It can often drive you from A to B, and some people will try to convince you it's fine. It's not.

There's no logical reason other than absolutely requiring the privacy, doing it for fun, or niche use cases like airplanes and so on. If you can't spend the insanely subsidized $20 for codex, you can use an API for chinese models which will run circles around these tiny models.

Local isn't new for me. I am still coding my stuff, but Qwen3-coder:30b on my old rig with a gtx 1070 16gb RAM does wonders for me.

I mostly use it as a google search if I forget a thing, or doing the boilerplates.

I am using a mix of a non harness chat for the reply speed, and opencode / vim-ai for my boilerplates.

$0.00 / month. That's the budget.

Yes, Qwen3.6-35B-A3B on a Strix Halo 128GB (Bosgame M5).

I have way too much VRAM forme such a model but Qwen never released the 122B version of Qwen3.6, which is the best class of model for my hardware. But at the same time my electricity bill is negligible, this is originally a laptop chip and it shows, it consumes almost nothing while idle and a little above 120W during prompt processing.

And Qwen3.6 has been surprisingly effective for me, I still use Clause occasionally but only for like 10% of my needs which allows me to stay well under the quota even with the cheapest plan.

Speed: ~800tps prompt processing and 50tps for token generation (with no speculative decoding).

I wish someone would do a benchmark and competition for this kind of work flow so we could figure out what works well.

Like "Here's this consumer grade GPU. Using only this GPU but with whatever models and workflow you want, see how well you can do on xyz benchmark."

Contestants would be given like 1 hour max and scored based on % of questions answered, % of questions correct and total time to finish.

Like "The Local AI challenge"

I have an optane and lots of ram, so I tried full-fat models for writing some function overnight, as I get about 0.7 t/s. My current go-to test is to update a scalar function to transpose a bit-matrix to one using avx512. the cloud models all play with that like its nothing. Kimi 2.6 and GLM 5.1 both failed miserably.

Yes, I have. 1. Two RTX 3090s in Linux 22.04 2. Running Qwen3.6-27B Q6_K_XL GGUF 3. Using my own harness AZPal, I build myself, also wire it with Hermes Agent, works fine 4. Many times it solve problem that Codex can't solve

https://medium.com/p/f237d575e861

I'm largely 'all natural', any of my little LLM usage is local. 128G Strix system, a not-super-dense Qwen or Gemma variant will get 50-80 tok/s output. Not subscribing to Claude/GPT/etc even in the unlikely event these are the last local models released; simply not needed.

I've been wondering lately if it would help to take a medium sized model and either in cloud or some local setup actually do Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) on every prompt as a chore - I don't know if trying to manually finetune a model to your use habits would ruin it or help - ideally if you were diligent you could get rid of some of the ticks that make models for the general public difficult to work with e.g. overly sycophantic, overly verbose, annoying tendency to explain via analogies

but perhaps one individuals prompt feedback just isn't going to ever be enough I'm not sure how much you need (I know people working at big companies that have purchased in-house agents fine-tuned on internal documents etc.. and apparently these end up with bizarre behaviours not necessarily more helpful than the standard models)

I'd like to be able to essentially edit every response given by an agent and then finetune on the difference between what it produced and how I edited the text. Personally I would just remove a lot of the adjectives and try to distill the responses to core responses but I worry based on some of the work done by Owain Evans and other alignment researchers that this can sometimes push agents into tricky-to-predict tendancies.

Our software dev (smartest guy I ever met) is using OpenCode and Tmux with Open Source models. He says the DeepSeek is his model of choice for coding (he call's it "pretty GOOD". He's running two 3090s on an i9 with 128GB RAM. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/china-s-open-deeps...

I tried. It works in theory: https://blog.frankel.ch/tokensparsamkeit-coding-assistants/#...

Results depend on the model, of course, and your computer is the limit. Mine wasn't up to the task, unfortunately.

I tried gemma-4-26B-A4B just to see if it could help me read/sort my emails on a relatively under-powered setup (16GB VRAM + 32GB RAM) and it's not going well.. the model burns 24K tokens just on searching for the right tool and then dumps the email contents into context - i tried to get it to use code-mode to save context but the code-mode implementation can't save files so it was useless and im going to try to switch to "ssh-mode" into my devbox container. Still relatively new to this, so I'm probably doing something wrong

My experience is that it's not the models themselves that are limiting right now, it's the clunky alternative harnesses with weird missing features making for bad ergonomics around stuff like queue management, interruption, subagents, goals, etc.

Pretty good results with qwen 3.6 27b dense. I’d say it’s about equal to (Claude) haiku 4.5 maybe sonnet depending on the task.

Has anyone been storing their cc sessions for future training data on their own models? I'd love to build a system that fine-tunes on cc sessions and a good first step is capturing my own sessions well.

I've been using MiniMax M2.7 with vllm on my dual Nvidia Spark cluster. Slow (<20 tps) but functional for most of my use cases.

Yes, llama.cpp, qwen27b, 35b, claude code. Llama-cpp-manager for managing llama.cpp configs (https://github.com/anubhavgupta/llama-cpp-manager)

I'm looking forward to having Claude Fable at home. THAT is when I'll THINK about replacing Claude (who knows what their next models will be capable of, Fable was damn good for the three days I had it).

I tried for a bit, with llama.cpp + Qwen + Mac Pro but the results were very poor (both quality and speed).

I considered investing in better hardware but doing the math, it is cheaper for me to pay for DeepSeek (yeah, I know not everyone can do that).

Will the AI labs always make sure there is at least a years worth of differential? I guess the underlying business premise is that each new release has a step function change that prevents this kind of behaviour..

Tried. The context windows just weren't big enough.

There’s evidence that combining models can achieve frontier-level performance (e.g. OpenRouter Fusion). I’m wondering if that’s the more realistic option: combine Opus with a local model to save on token costs.

This was posted shortly after your Ask HN post:

My Homelab AI Dev Platform

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48542433

Ollama + Hermes on M5 Max 128GB using .NET using Qwen 3.6:35b-a3b as the primary model to do the work. I might use 27b to plan what to do.

mbp16 m5 max 128gb, antirez/ds4, deepseekv4-flash. Works well for relatively dense (let's say <20k LoC per project) C codebases that are essentially a bunch of custom specialized stores, http servers, network infra, media transformers, etc.

Runs through Pi with a custom prompt (basically "don't speculate blindly, isolate things, make them traceable and measurable, then verify") and behind a pretty restrictive bwrap setup - RO bind everything other than ~/.pi, cdw and a separate tmpfs, unshare almost everything other than the network - for which I use a network namespace that only allows tcp connections to a specific ip and port (i.e the inference mac) - i.e. netns exec into bwrap.

Can't compare it to SOTA or higher-requirements models on what I work on - policy. That said, on a bunch of test pieces - it obviously isn't gpt-5.5, it definitely lags behind k2.6/glm/ds4-pro, but it absolutely is usable. Of course, on such codebases, forget about one-shotting or trusting it blindly or anything of the sort - you ask it, guide it, restart the context from time to time to have a "fresh dice roll" and to keep the context small and clean, etc. Compared to anything smaller (incl. all the usual local qwen models) - on a test piece, it figured out that memfd and mmap were used for setting up a ring buffer with natural wraparound handling (double mapping the first page at the end) and didn't tell me "this is for sharing memory between processes" or some other BS.

Performance as described in the tables in the readme here: https://github.com/antirez/ds4 ...with a bit less than half that at "low power" (30w). Both are usable.

Not yet, tried Gemma 4 on an Apple M4 but the tok/s is significant lower than the cloud offering.

Also,the lack of enterprise tooling to help selected an appropriate model and tooling to run a local LLM does not help.

I have tried locally but I find that the implicit breakeven is somewhere around 1 year of use given the high power costs where I live. Not really worth it but maybe if I move some day!

I would like to know whether someone was able to use lower tier models for activities other than coding e.g. a limited version of a personal note manager - and what the hardware requirements in RAM for these models were.

Always a bit disappointed in the details in these kinds of threads. When you do get answers, they're never specific enough to try out on your own. It'll be something like "I use Qwen 3.5 and get great results!" OK but what quantization are you using? What llama parameters? What context size? What GPU are you running it on, and how much VRAM does it have? Are you hosting it on a separate box, or running it locally on your dev machine? What coding agent tool are you using, and how is it configured / hooked up to the model?

I work with a few models on servers, so not local, but self hosted with ollama. gemma-4, glm 4.7 flash, and qwen 3.6. glm is the best at coding agentically. But I still don't think any of them reach the levels of gpt 5.5 or opus 4.8.

Anyone here running a tinygrad?

I tried many, many times and I keep trying. But I just don't see this happening: those tiny models that we can run on our machines (I have an M4 Max Mac, so I can reasonably run qwen3.6-35b-a3b or gemma-4-26b-a4b-qat at this time) are NOWHERE near as smart as the huge monsters like Opus/Fable. Nowhere. I can see a lot of people deluding themselves.

Sure, you can get the local models to generate plausibly-looking code for simple cases. But compared to how I solve complex design problems in a large codebase with Claude Code and Opus/Fable, this isn't worth my time.

i used to mix remote and local minimax 2.7(q3) on my strix halo, it run at 30 tg and 220 tokens pp... it was a bit painful slow, but it was a good feeling i could stay offline. unfortunately m3 which is at opus .8 levels is 460b parameters and doesn't even fit in 128gb of memory, let alone a big context. strix halo feels like a toy for ai purposes. https://kyuz0.github.io/amd-strix-halo-toolboxes/

I am working on exactly this issue right now. My approach is that a highly optimized harness (pi.dev) with the right backing knowledgebase (a custom, self-updating wiki with lots of QC layers) can get close to most of my usage patterns for my Claude Max 20x subscription. I use Gemma 4 26B QAT served by a custom fork of llama.cpp, with 4-8 slots of 256k context at Q8. It's a very good model when the harness keeps it on rails. In an age of 1M context windows, 256k may seem small but it's been plenty for my work (scientific programming). A $20/month subscription to Ollama-cloud gets me good coverage of consults out to frontier models for difficult plans or debugging (again this is all woven into my highly customized pi install).

I'm still optimizing it (with claude, to be clear), but my testing is very encouraging. I worry a lot about companies (and the government) controlling access to machine intelligence, so local is the way to go.

It has so far been the kind of thing that always feels like the next version of the local models would be the one that is just good enough.

Yes. I use Owen on my MacBook m1 (16gb) daily, running inside Ollama. Works well. Is not particularly fast, and I need to create a custom imagem that sets the temperature of the model to zero starting, so I don't get over creative with its bullshit, but it works reasonable week.

Yes, llama.cpp, qwen 27b and 35b, llama-cpp-manager for managing model configs.(https://github.com/anubhavgupta/llama-cpp-manager)

I use Pi and Qwen 3.6 27b locally on a 4090 for all my personal projects. I still use Claude for day job work since they pay for it, and my employer expects me to use it. I rarely touch it otherwise.

Related: Are there any viable distributed AI models?

Like how we've had SETI at Home, Folding at Home, BitTorrent etc. People are clearly willing to donate their computer resources to distributed projects.

Maybe in a dAI network anyone could submit content for training on, and each user running a "node" could have their own custom private conditions on which type of content to accept for training or inference.

Like someone who dislikes anime could say "never accept anime related content or queries" so their node would basically opt-out from any data or questions about anime.

I tried to. I just couldn't get over how it made my otherwise whisper quiet M3 Max MacBook Pro 14 for the performance. The sweet spot has been adopting Claude Code to use the Chinese models. Deepseek V4 Pro is very, very good. But I am such a casual local user of AI that my 20/month Claude subscription is enough and I find myself using that more and more.

never started. using wither qwne3-xoder-nezt or qwen3.6 35b

if youre shoopping for a new pc, very easy to justify 128gb vram

Until I can buy an 80GB VRAM GPU, I won't attempt to do it. A local LLM is always missing something that needs a bigger model.

Waiting for this https://github.com/antirez/ds4 to stabilize for strix halo.

Yes, running a local model on a natural wetware substrate here.

Recommended setup: plenty of nutrients, some caffeine and a quiet environment.

Performance - not currently measured in tokens: roughly average.

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Just attach OpenRouter to your coding agent tool and try yourself. All relevant open weight models are there. Every person have different needs and expectations

Local? No. Via opencode Go subscription using GLM mainly? Yes, I still use Gemini/Claude/GPT via api from openrouter for adjacent tasks, I would say 20$ per month max in api token costs.

Disclaimer: I am a Linux infra/k8s guy, I write production code but it's mainly glue code and mainly in golang.

Addendum: most value we get is from "document intelligence" and that's all Gemma and Qwen on H100/H200